Sex & Eschatology

I remember when I was younger being told that Jesus could come back at any moment.  Instead of erupting in joy at such a statement I would often think that Jesus should wait, perhaps until I have at least been married and had sex first.  Now, I’m fairly confident that I’m not in the minority on this.  But obviously, there is something completely backwards about this type of thinking.  Do we seriously desire to postpone the grand reunion of our souls with our Maker for mere earthly pleasure?  Hopefully the absurdities of my previous thoughts are evident.

If we really believe the Scriptures when they tell us that in the presence of God there is fullness of joy (Ps 16:11), then why do we often hear young Christians say similar things as I once did?  Even more, some suggest (wrongly, as I hope to show) that perhaps there will be marriage in Heaven.  But will the joy of Heaven be too bleak for us that we must have a need for sex?  I want to probe this issue because I believe there is something worshipful that can take place through this reflection.

In Mark 12:18-27 a group of Sadducees come to Jesus.  In a common riposte fashion they publically challenge Jesus’ view of the Resurrection.  Attempting to stump Jesus, they depict a scenario in which a woman marries a man with seven brothers.  Eventually the husband dies with no offspring so one of the brothers marries the woman, and this cycle continues until all the brothers had married her and died.  The Sadducees then ask Jesus which of the brothers will be married to the woman in the Resurrection.  The question was meant, from the perspective of the Sadducees, to point out a logical absurdity with the concept of the Resurrection.  However, they were wrong in assuming that marriage carried over into eternity.  Note what Jesus says, “When they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given into marriage.”  It is clear that Jesus’ response removed all doubt as to whether there is marriage in Heaven.  Not only is earthly marriage discontinued in Heaven, but there is no subsequent act of marriage that takes place (contra Barty Lovebucket, et al).

For some people this is troublesome.  The assumption is that if Heaven is a place of eternal pleasure, and sex is pleasurable, then the two should be able to co-exist, right?  I believe there is a fundamental problem with this association.  For one, the assumption seems to make earthly pleasure the supreme form of pleasure.  But most importantly, It fails to realize that Heaven is itself superior for not containing sex.  For if sex is the greatest of earthly pleasures (as veterans might say) and it is not even present in Heaven, then how much more pleasurable is that place?  What must Heaven be like if even the greatest of earthly pleasures is missing?  The absence of sex ought to be a cause for joy rather than sadness or bitterness, because Heaven is not less joyous in light of this fact, but more so.  I believe C. S. Lewis had this concept in mind in his book, Miracles.  He states that if you tell a very young boy that sex is the highest pleasure, he will ask if it is something that involves eating chocolate (I know what you’re thinking, but stop it!).  In this same way, sex is merely “chocolate candy” in relation to our understanding of the pleasure that awaits us in being in the presence of God.

We see this reminder even in the book of Ecclesiastes.  All is vanity “under the sun,” the author writes nearly thirty times.  The “under the sun” perspective, that is, what is merely concerned with earthly and temporal pleasures, will ultimately lead to un-satisfaction.  The true object of our joy is indeed “beyond the sun.”  The author writes, “Who can eat or find pleasure without Him?” (Ecc. 2:25).  This is precisely because “He has set eternity in the hearts of men” (Ecc. 3:11).  That longing we have has an object absent from the temporal realm.  This longing leads us directly into the throne room of God, where our Bridegroom is seated at the Father’s right hand waiting for us.

This is precisely why we will have no impulses for sex in Heaven.  Those affections that we possess, in that sense, here on earth, will be focused on our Bridegroom, which is Christ.  No earthly relationship can compare to relating to our Savior as a Bride relates to her Bridegroom.  This idea provokes so much worship within me that the thought of maintaining an earthly marriage would literally be archaic.  Note the words of God to his people through the prophet Hosea:

“And I will betroth you to me forever. I will betroth you to me in righteousness and in justice, in steadfast love and in mercy.  I will betroth you to me in faithfulness” (Ho. 2:19).

Can earthly marriage compete with those supernal images?  In Paul we see a similar marriage motif:

“Husbands, love your wives, as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her, that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, so that he might present the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and without blemish” (Eph. 5:25-26).

As the Bride of Christ we have the glorious opportunity to relate to our Maker in a relationship that marriage imagery can only faintly describe.  The substance will be far more grand, and the romantic longing that all of us have will be satisfied throughout all eternity.

Therefore, sex is a type.  It is a type of the eschatological joy that we will experience in relationship with God.  Human relationships can never do what the archetypal relationship can do.  All longing that we have within us to be in relationship with another relational being, and all longing that we have to flee loneliness cannot be subsided in even the closest of our human relationships.  Thus, sex and all other forms of longing, point us to that “country whose builder is God.”  All unfulfilled desires and un-satisfaction in this world has been pointing us to that heavenly country.  In agreement with this I conclude with the first question from the Westminster Shorter Catechism, “Q: What is the chief end of man? A: Man’s chief end is to glorify God and to enjoy him forever.”

John Anthony Dunne

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24 responses to “Sex & Eschatology”

  1. Jeremiah

    I find the idea that there will be no sex or reproduction in the new earth to be extremely problematic. Isn’t the point of the resurrection and the new creation to restore all that has been corrupted by sin and death? Are we really then to believe that as the final death knell tolls for the evil powers that God will begin by revoking his first command to “Be fruitful and multiply”? It just doesn’t add up.

    1. John Anthony Dunne

      JB, thanks for your concern. My initial thought is: how would you then interpret Jesus’ words to the Sadducees as I’ve addressed here? But in response to your theological question, I’ve considered the New Earth to be a reinstatement of God’s original purposes for creation for quite some time. The alien entrance of sin into creation has corrupted the original intent, but one day we will continue to rule creation as God intended. In regards to marriage, sex, and reproduction, I don’t believe that these categories simply drop off. I believe they are taken up and consummately fulfilled in the biblical notion of the Bride of Christ. So exegetically I feel constrained to this conclusion (Mk 12 and parallels), but theologically I find the idea to be satisfied as well. I totally understand where you’re coming from though, and I appreciate your biblical-theological angle.

      1. Jeremiah

        It is certainly a difficult passage to understand outside of the traditional reading which you present. Some have suggested (BW3 comes to mind) that Jesus does not refer to an abolition of marriage but rather a change in how it functions and comes about socially. The part that makes even the traditional reading difficult is the line of reasoning behind the change “for they will be like the angels.” What on earth does that mean? The standard answer has been androgyny or asexuality, but Jewish tradition points instead to their immortality. So, what does immortality have to do with marriage, and how does the traditional interpretation forge a link between them? We might say that marriage is only necessary because of mortality (i.e. to further the species), but Genesis seems to disagree. Altogether, I think it is about as clear as mud.

        1. John Anthony Dunne

          JB, thanks for this. Certainly angels are able to reproduce (Gen 6), even though that might seem ontologically awkward. I don’t think the “like the angels” comment refers to angelic asexuality, but the fact that angels aren’t married. It seems simple enough to take it that way (at least to me). The reference to angels may seem like a non-sequitor, and may remain difficult to understand, but Jesus seems to assert plainly that there is no continuation of earthly marriage from earth into eternity or any subsequent act of marriage. I’ll have to read BW3 on this sometime. Thanks for that reference.

          1. Jeremiah

            It is certainly a possibility, but more than mere assertion is necessary to prove that like the angels == no marriage. In some sense the way the question is set up might indicate this meaning, but claiming it means that by implication begs the question. The situation gets even more complicated when you look at the way Luke alters the story.

          2. John Anthony Dunne

            Yeah, Luke seems to focus on the issue of immortality through the connection with angels. To my mind, whatever the reason for the connection, marriage still appears to be for this age only. At least, that’s how I read it. Thanks for challenging me on this! I appreciate your comments!

          3. John Anthony Dunne

            JB, just curious, how would you understand marriage in Heaven? Of course, this is incredibly speculative, but I’d be interested to hear your thoughts. Since you’re married, do you imagine that your earthly marriage will be eternal? Or do you suppose that you’ll be married anew on the New Earth? I’m partly curious because of my interactions with LDS views on eternal marriage. So i’d like to invite you to be speculative. Help me understand how this might work. Thanks!

          4. Jeremiah

            Well, just to be clear, I don’t think an immaterial existence in heaven is the plan. I think material existence without the stain of sin is the important eschatological goal. So, I imagine that marriage would function in much the same way as it does now, but absent the selfishness, pride, and anger.

          5. John Anthony Dunne

            JB, I totally agree on the natural view of Heaven. I am totally on board with that. I’m just wondering if you and your wife ever joke like, “Hey, we’re in this for eternity!” Or do you imagine that in heaven you’ll have the opportunity to marry someone new? Not that you would know the answer to these questions, but I’m just curious about how it fits in your thinking about heaven.

  2. Barty-hater

    Finally someone brave enough to stand against Barty Lovebucket and his theological folly! Thank you John Dunne!!!!

  3. John Anthony Dunne

    I wish I would have known about this song earlier, but courtesy of Greg Stump here is “Rapture” by Pedro the Lion. Rather pertinent in light of my opening paragraph about preferring sex to the return of Christ. Listen to the Song with the lyrics here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8wxmNOFNXA

  4. I have heard that Lovebucket is currently working on a monograph that argues that mimes are beyond redemption. Any chance that you would be able to critically engage that on the blog? I think it might really set some ppl straight.

    1. John Anthony Dunne

      Matt, thanks for bringing this to my attention. Lovebucket and I have interacted sparingly and most of the time I find that he is a terrible exegete. If it weren’t for his large following (somewhat cult-like I might add), I would disregard his scholarship altogether. In regards to whether or not mimes can be reconciled to God, Lovebucket makes an egregious error in his interpretation of Deut 25.16, which reads, “For all who do such things, all who act dishonestly, are an abomination to the LORD your God.” Lovebucket spends nearly 75 pages unpacking what it means to “act dishonestly” and concludes that those who mime are certainly deceiving many by pretending that they cannot speak (thus mimes are an abomination to the Lord). Its quite anachronistic and fails to realize that “act” in this context does not refer to the role of an actor or actress, but rather it refers to performance or doing a deed dishonestly. Those are my two cents on the matter. I may have to write a more thorough rebuttal on this blog if he persists in exegetical nonsense.

      1. Oh wow, you have no idea how helpful this is. I have been ministering to some mimes and they were under the impression–due to some militant Lovebucketians–that they were not welcome in God’s kingdom. I’m so happy to hear a concise rebuttal of this exegetical phallacy. Thanks for the help!

        1. Do you think it’s safe to say that our Lord himself employed mimery at key points in his ministry? (Matt 27:14; Mark 15:5 (cf. Is 53:7))? Does Lovebucket address this argument?

          1. I can’t muster the exegetical force you do, but I might jump in on the theological level with a refutation of Lovebucket. At one point he argues from the Linguistic character of the Son (as Logos) that mimes have forfeited the imago Dei by foregoing speech. Using speech-act theory, I can easily establish that mimes have their own linguistic character, since speech is action and action is speech.

          2. John Anthony Dunne

            Matt, the examples of Jesus’ refusal to speak are quite illuminating for this discussion and your comments on the speech-act theory as a rebuttal to Barty’s Imago Dei argument is incredibly fascinating. Perhaps we should co-write a thorough critique of Barty Lovebucket’s treatise. We could go 500 words a piece, sound good?

          3. Ryan

            I have just returned from a google search titled Marty Lovebucket. Upon clicking the first blog that showed up I quickly discovered it was not about theology… I will be sure to have a sense of humor the next time I read the comments.

          4. John Anthony Dunne

            Ryan, you ought to check Barty Lovebucket’s myspace. He doesn’t currently have a blog. He has hand-written several posts, but his only voice online is his status updates on myspace.

  5. Sean Thomas

    Don’t clowns do magic tricks that use sleight of hand to deceive onlookers? I think Barty should examine his own practices and the practices of clowns in general before he tries to publish his monograph.

    1. John Anthony Dunne

      Sean, the entire second-half of Barty’s tome focuses on that issue. Hence the title, “Those Who Act Dishonestly: Why God Hates Mimes and Loves Clowns.” I must say, its a terrible treatise. His rebuttal to your points (and he does address those issues) is rather circuitous. I think the intention was that he’d argue his point for page after page in hope that the reader would not be able to track with him and eventually concede that Barty must be right. Of course, he’s nothing but a flaming hyprocrite.

  6. Fun to find this today with the search sex “eschatology.” I’ve just completed four months of research on the theological significance of “place,” and of course the fundamental distortions of gnosticism to any biblical approach to land or place. I’ve moved on to eschatology. Brian Edgar at Asbury is doing some good exploration of sex and eschatology, having worked in biblical anthropology for years. Richard Middleton some of you will know for his work in this area also. But it seems to me the major influences on the typical evangelical approach are these: 1) gnosticism and the sense that the body is less good than spirit, earth less good than heaven; 2) individualism, the conviction that the individual is more real or more important than the collective, and that healthy people don’t need anyone else. But if these are both errors, and the Incarnation is something new in creation, and Trinitarian relationality is the foundation of human wholeness, then sexuality should continue in the millennium, in a richer sense than we know it now.

  7. […] about the “shadow and fulfillment” motif? JA Dunne makes the argument in #3– “sex is a type.. of the eschatological joy that we will […]

  8. […] August of 2011 I wrote a post entitled, “Sex and Eschatology.” In that post I essentially tried to articulate that sex is a biblical type. It functions […]

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